It the first authoritative and academically sound account offering an important alternative to prescientific sez histories offered in recent world. How to make special economic zones work the zimbabwe. Just after liberation all the medium and big size industries were. The global trade and investment context from which. The number seems to include only export processing zones which would appear to correspond to free ports or zone areas with the processing of goods. Epzs perspectives and international experiences 16 explaining export processing zones 16 policies of states 16 strategies of companies 18 neweridl and epzs 19. This paper studies export processing zones epzs which have become increasingly popular as a policy tool for development and export oriented growth, and can be found in countries around the world. Nigeria export processing zones authority established under this act, designate such area as he thinks fit to be an export processing zone in this act referred to as a zone. Export processing zones epzs are designated parts of kenya that are aimed at promoting and facilitating export oriented investments and to develop an enabling environment for such investments. This is held annually in bulawayo as a showcase for zimbabwes products. Export processing zones act 9 of 1995 namibia legal database. Trade union manual on export processing zones, 2014 pdf 3. Pdf free trade zones, export processing zones, special. Epzs have evolved from initial assembly and simple processing activities.
An exportprocessing zone epz is a specific type of ftz usually set up in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. Export processing zones act 9 of 1995 gg 1069 brought into force on. Free zones are intended to foster economic activity and employment that could occur elsewhere. There are multiple aims of these zones including an increase in trade, an increase in the investment. Export diversification and role of export processing zones. An export processing zone epz is a specific type of ftz usually set up in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. Export markets har nessing namibias manufacturing and expor t potential background in 1995, the government of the republic of namibia adopted the export processing zones epz act act no. Sezs are broadly located inside the national borders of a country. Export processing zones amendment act 6 of 1996 gg 37. Whereas it is expedient to make provision for the establishment of the.
In china, for example, the unctad figures include seven zones, of which. An assessment of the impact of export processing zones and an. An act for the establishment of the bangladesh export processing. Although the terms sez and epz are often used interchangeably, including here, aggarwal 2006 notes that the main. The introduction of sezs in zimbabwe is not a novel concept as government once came up with export processing zones epzs from 19962006 that were mainly export oriented. This information is from a basic guide to exporting provided by the u. Export processing zones epzs have become rather popular trade policy instruments since their modern revival in the late 1950s. Type of free trade zone ftz, set up generally in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial exports. One way of improving foreign trade was to introduce the zimbabwe international trade fair zitf. The global trade and investment context from which assemblybased epzs emerged has changed significantly in recent years, yet the number of zones continues to expand. We establish, license, regulate and operate highly efficient free zones by providing a highly competitive incentive scheme, excellent support facilities and service for the purpose of creating an enabling environment for export manufacturing and other commercial activities. Export processing zones free download as powerpoint presentation. Export processing zones epz are strategies for economic development in developing nations used to attract foreign investment to create jobs and more.
Export processing zones export processing zones and the quest. In order to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country, particularly through industrialization, the government has adopted an open door policy to attract foreign investment to bangladesh. Bangladesh export processing zones authority for creation, development, operation, management and control of export processing zones and for matters connected therewith. This paper studies export processing zones epzs which have become increasingly popular as a policy tool for development and exportoriented growth, and can be found in countries around the world. One tool which is used by many nations is export processing zones epz. In this paper, we consider the impact of establishing export processing zones on environmental policy. In this ordinance, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Export diversification and role of export processing zones epz in bangladesh prior to liberation of bangladesh all the major industries of our country belonged to west pakistani entrepreneurs. Countries in asia, africa, and latin america are creating export development programs that encourage investments from multinational companies. Acs after the failure of import substitution programs many developing countries turned to export processing zones epzs to promote growth and development through trade. This entry for the wiley international encyclopaedia fo anthropology details the emergence of export processing zones and special economic zones and offers an. While in 1970 only a handful of countries permitted a zone, a recent oecd publication 1996, places the total number of zones at 500 located in 73 countries. Warr file 0 s ince the mid 1960s, many developing countries have tried to stimulate exports of nontraditional manufactures.
Export processing zones epzs can be summarized as a unit bearing clusters of specially designed zones of aggressive economic activity for the promotion of export. The bounded zones logistics parks, the export processing zones and industrial parks4 and investment zones 5 of. Information on such zones normally is available from the investment authority of a country, which also may help foreign companies with licensing and registration for the zone. The bepza is the official organ of the government to promote, attract and facilitate foreign investment in the epzs. Pdf export processing zones and environmental policy. The model assumes that aggregate pollution is regulated by a quota so as to maximize domestic. Free trade zones, export processing zones, special economic zones, specialized zones economic zones. When china set up the bounded zones in 1992, their main function was designed to advance chinas international trade and processing by setting up bonded warehouses where the commodities are exempted from all barriers and allowing capital equipment and production inputs free of tax.
The export processing zones authority ordinance, 1980. To date, government has designated a number of sites as special economic zones. To provide for the establishment, development and management of export processing zones in namibia, and to provide for matters incidental thereto. Resource guide on export processing zones epzs ilo library. This means moving away from an importcentric economy to one based on exports. Export processing zones epzs are areas within developing countries that offer incentives and a barrierfree environment to promote economic growth by attracting foreign investment for export orie. Zimbabwean companies also participate in trade fairs organized by other countries for example zambia, tanzania and libya. Export processing zones epz are spatially delimited areas in which manufacturers produce goods that are largely aimed for export markets. Mar 31, 2020 an export processing zone also may be called a free trade or special enterprise zone and may offer incentives for other businesses in addition to exporters. Pdf export processing zones special economic zones. The impacts of special economic zones evans school of.
Export processing zones in development and international. Currently there are more than 3,500 epzs in countries. Designing economic zones for effective investment promotion. Establishment and membership of the export processing zones authority.
Virgill, phd george mason university, 2009 dissertation director. In china, for example, the unctad figures include seven zones, of which five are the most open special economic zones. These zones are in line with the ilo definition of an enterprise zone. To assist in such design, the industry development division has carried out research and operational support work in export policy instruments and institutions. This entry for the wiley international encyclopaedia fo anthropology details the emergence of export processing zones and special economic zones and offers an overview of debates and research on the zones in social and cultural anthropology since the. Sep 15, 2017 to date, government has designated a number of sites as special economic zones. An act to provide for the establishment of the zimbabwe export processing zone authority and to provide for the functions thereof. The introduction of sezs in zimbabwe is not a novel concept as government once came up with export processing zones epzs from 19962006 that were mainly. One form this effort has taken is the establishment of export processing zones epzs. Export processing zones act 9 of 1995 parliament of namibia. According to the world bank, an export processing zone is an. Zones hidzs and the border economic cooperation zone becz, are usually part of a city that allow a broad range of duty free goods and activities.
Export processing zones export processing zones an explanation of export processing zones epzs and how exporters can utilize them. An assessment of the impact of export processing zones and. International confederation of free trade unions 1991, annual survey on violations of trade union rights, brussels. Epzs are small favourable investment and trade conditions that are created inorder to attract export oriented industries.
Defining export processing zones nearly everywhere. The main concept of export processing zones was conceived in the early 1970s to promote the growth of the sickening export business of india. The world bank has long supported developing countries in reforming their inwardoriented trade and regulatory policies to an outwardoriented direction and in improving the international competitiveness of their industries. Export processing zones epzs are areas within developing countries that offer incentives and a barrierfree environment to promote economic growth by. An export processing zone also may be called a free trade or special enterprise zone and may offer incentives for other businesses in addition to exporters. Export processing zones the economics of enclave manufactuning peter g. A special economic zone sez is an area within a country where there are different trade and business laws from the remaining regions of the country. Wepza is an association of leading practitioners, government officials, consultants, and academics engaged in evaluating, developing, promoting, and improving special economic zones sezs, free ports, free zones and export processing zones globally. Export processing zones epzs in their traditional form fencedin industrial parks where exportoriented investors enjoy free port status emerged in the period 195075 and first became widely adopted between 197585. Africa, industrial policy and export processing zones. An export processing zone epz is one of the various export policy instruments studied by the division. Harnessing namibias manufacturing and exporting potential. In addition to providing the benefits of a ftz, these zones offer other incentives such as exemptions from certain taxes and business regulations. Export processing zones epzs in their traditional form fencedin industrial parks where export oriented investors enjoy free port status emerged in the period 195075 and first became widely adopted between 197585.
Organising women workers in agriculture, export processing zones and the informal sector, cnn and fnv, amsterdam. Another strategy which was adopted in 1994 to boost zimbabwes export potential was the establishment of export processing zones epzs. These zones are managed and promoted by the export processing zones authority. Export processing zones export processing zones and. This encyclopedia entry positions various types of special economic zones in a broader world history.
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